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Türkiye’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan at a Nato summit news conference in Madrid, Spain, on June 30. The country is a key example of how reforms have boosted the power of the executive to better protect national interests. Photo: Reuters

From the United Kingdom to the United States, and across the Mediterranean, citizens yearn for less politics, fewer bureaucratic oligopolies and for their leaders to have more direct powers to intervene. Many political systems within Nato countries must be revamped to meet the needs and concerns of a rapidly evolving world dominated by expansionist threats and internal issues, from domestic strife to economic demands.

Within such nations, elected leaders arrive on a bank of promises which they often have no power to fulfil, due to the inability of the state structure to grant them sufficient executive power.

This handicap is not shared by the largest counterparty to the established rules of the international order: China, which is preparing for the “new world” by using all the capabilities arising from a state apparatus that complements the power of the executive.

But this system, where the executive has actual power, is not exclusive to China, or Russia. Looking at Singapore, we can see accomplishments that were once unimaginable for a nation of initially limited resources.

“Founding father” Lee Kuan Yew raised Singapore into an economic powerhouse with global clout and a widely heralded national security discipline. In 1997, referring to a clutch of young Asian and African democracies, Lee said: “They’ve got democracy [ … ] But have you got a civilised life to lead? People want economic development first and foremost.”

Decades on, the world requires this form of leadership – and this requires a revision of the governance system displayed in the West.

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